What is now the most common golf wedge sold today wasn’t always that way. Since it’s invention in the 1930s, the sand wedge has evolved from a specialized scoring club for playing out of sand traps only, to the most relied-upon club for most golfers when they are anywhere inside scoring range –chipping, pitching or otherwise trying for a lower score. For most golfers, it’s the highest lofted of the golf wedges club in their bag, while others supplement the sand wedge with a gap wedge and lob wedge.
HISTORY OF THE SAND WEDGE
Through the early years of golf, bunkers or sand traps represented a real and treacherous hazard to scoring. The highest loft golf club in players’ bags was the niblick, which generally had 45-46 degrees of loft and a very thin sole with no feature we now call bounce. It made play from soft sand and turf very difficult.
In the 1930s, tour professional Gene Sarazen had a better idea. Observing how an airplane’s wing gave the plane lift, he surmised that putting a similar design on the bottom of a niblick would give it a similar lift to make sand bunker shots easier. He began welding and experimenting, and when he brought his new club out for play, he created an immediate hit with his feature we now call bounce. Golf scoring and bunker shots would never be the same.
In those early days, most sand wedges were numbered with a “99” on the sole, which was very wide and had an extreme bounce of 20-30 degrees. These clubs were good for one thing only – extracting the ball from the sand trap. And they did that very well. Golfers still relied on their pitching wedges, however, for chipping and pitching.
In the 1980s, as irons began to get stronger in lofts, the pitching wedge became a less effective scoring tool, so sand wedges were refined with less bounce and a narrower sole, making them more versatile and effective for a wider variety of shots. The loft of a sand wedge became pretty standard at 56 degrees. As pitching wedges gradually strengthened to 47-48 degrees of loft, the sand wedge became the chosen club for most golfers around the greens. And the gap wedgewas developed to fill the void between the two for full swing approach distance gaps.
In today’s golf marketplace, there is a vast array in the stores, and sand wedge loft can range from 54 to 58 degrees, with almost limitless bounce options. The general guideline is that the golfer should select a high bounce wedge for softer conditions, and a low bounce wedge for firm turf conditions. This is further complicated by the guidance that a player with a steep swing path should opt for a higher bounce and those with a shallower path should opt for lower bounce sand wedges. One company, SCOR Golf, has a patented V-SOLE that incorporates both high and low bounce into each of their sand wedges, which the company claims gives unmatched versatility.
GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR SAND WEDGE
Because of its high loft and bounce sole, the sand wedge requires practice and a good technique to get the most from it. But golfers who are willing to spend the time can become excellent wedge players. Skill in this part of the game is attainable by any player, as strength is negated at short range.
Most sand wedges are sold from retail displays with a heavy and stiff steel shaft, which isn’t right for most players. One of the ways to get better feel and performance from your sand wedge is to have the shaft replaced with one that more closely approximates the shaft material, weight and flex in your irons.
Technique with a sand wedge for full swing approaches is dependent on controlled swing power. Never swing as hard with a sand wedge as you might with as short- or middle-iron. A controlled swing with a strong lead side (left for right-hand players) will allow you to keep the ball trajectory down so that distance control is more accurate.
On chipping and pitching, or other shorter shots around the greens, the key is to feel the sole of the club engage the turf. This requires you to allow the hands to release the club in the downswing. Practice this without a ball – feel the bottom of the club ‘bounce’ off the turf. For shots where you want more height and spin, focus on the back side of the ball when executing the shot. When you want more spin and a lower ball flight, simply focus your vision on the front side of the ball, the side toward the target.
And the key to improving your short game with the sand wedge is to slow down the swing entirely, to where it almost feels lazy.
In the sand trap or bunker, the technique for the sand wedge is the same, except that you will open the face a bit to increase the bounce of the bottom of the club. The way to do this is to simply rotate the club about 20-30 degrees before you take your grip on it. Then execute the shot like a high soft pitch, focusing on the back of the ball, or even a little behind it. And practice. Spending time in the practice bunker regularly will remove all fear of this shot on the course.
KNOW YOUR SAND WEDGE LOFT
With today’s wide range of loft in sand wedges and irons from various manufacturers and different models within any manufacturer’s range, the key to putting together a correct set of clubs is to know your lofts. Regardless of what the club might say on the bottom, all “sand wedges” are not created equal, and every golfer needs that scoring club of 54-58 degrees – a true “sand wedge”. And that club is one piece of a precisely matched set of wedges with 4- or 5-degree loft gaps between them. Putting your set of wedges in this way will make any golfer’s short game better.